CHINA SYSTEM · OPERATING LOGIC
Read the concept through its operating structure
AI power is about time and place
Training creates dense loads and inference varies all day. National generation does not guarantee nearby substations, transmission, reserves or timely interconnection.
China coordinates compute and power
Compute-power coordination links facility planning and operation with generation, grids, markets and demand response. Chinese compute centers used about 170 TWh in 2025.
Green certificates differ from hourly electricity
Direct green connections, market contracts, certificates, storage and grid backup are different tools. Verify hourly matching, additionality, losses and backup emissions.
Cooling links power, water and chip performance
High-density racks drive cold-plate and immersion cooling. Low PUE does not guarantee low water use or lifecycle carbon; heat reuse needs temperature, distance and demand.
Korea should put power permitting first
Korea should lock in interconnection dates, grid-cost sharing, long-term power, community acceptance and cooling before incentives, separating announcements from energized IT operation.