CHINA SYSTEM · OPERATING LOGIC
Read the concept through its operating structure
Green-power transactions combine electricity and attributes
Green-power trading combines renewable electricity and attributes, but does not mean specific electrons physically reach the buyer; grid, region and timing still matter.
One certificate evidences one MWh of renewable attributes
China's green certificate is the recognised proof of renewable electricity attributes; one equals 1,000 kWh and must be retired against the claiming consumer, period and use.
Carbon allowances are mandatory compliance units
Covered installations surrender allocated allowances against verified emissions; 3,378 power, steel, cement and aluminium entities were covered in 2025.
CCERs arise from approved voluntary projects
CCERs come from registered projects using approved methodologies and verification, may be used within limits for compliance, and must avoid double counting with certificates.
Korean firms need four separate ledgers
Chinese factories and data centres should separately track power contracts, certificates/retirement, allowance allocation/surrender and CCER use, then map them to each disclosure regime.