CHINA SYSTEM · OPERATING LOGIC
Read the concept through its operating structure
Resources, factors and assets are different states
Data resources are managed collections; factors create productive value; assets require control, expected benefit and identifiable measurement.
Data property interests are not a single ownership right
China explores separating holding, processing/use and product-operation interests; privacy, trade secrets, copyright, contracts and public-data duties remain.
Registration, listing and accounting recognition differ
Rights registrations record datasets, processing and claims; exchange listing packages a tradable product; accounting recognition separately tests control, benefit and cost.
Valuation, collateral and contribution require cash flow and accountability
Data valuation depends on quality, scarcity, updating, contracts, lawful scope and cost; collateral finance also relies on credit, revenue, repurchase and guarantees.
Korea should design data products before asset labels
Korean organisations should define customer problem, fields, quality, rights, de-identification, delivery, SLA, price and liability, then contract raw/derived data, models, resale and deletion.